Install Python
These instructions describe how to install Python on a Linux server. RStudio's professional
products require multiple versions of Python. These instructions install Python
appropriately from pre-compiled binaries.
Instructions for installing Python from source can
be found here.
Install required dependencies
These instructions use conda, a package management utility, to install different versions of Python.
After installing Python, conda environments are NOT used by RStudio's professional products.
Terminal
$ sudo mkdir /opt/python
$ sudo curl -fsSL -o /opt/python/miniconda.sh https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
$ sudo chmod 755 /opt/python/miniconda.sh
$ sudo /opt/python/miniconda.sh -b -p /opt/python/miniconda
Specify Python Version
Terminal
$ export PYTHON_VERSION="3.7.7"
Download and install Python
Note
When installing Python version 3.5 and older (including version 2.7), you must constrain the version
of pip because pip is no longer compatible with those versions of Python. An example of this is shown in the command below as "pip<20.1".
Terminal
sudo /opt/python/miniconda/bin/conda create --quiet --yes \
--prefix /opt/python/"${PYTHON_VERSION}" \
--channel conda-forge \
python="${PYTHON_VERSION}" "pip<20.1"
Verify Python installation
Verify that Python is installed by running the following command:
Terminal
$ /opt/python/"${PYTHON_VERSION}"/bin/python --version
You can specify a default PyPI mirror for all installations of Python by creating
a pip configuration file.
This can be useful if you are using an internal PyPI mirror
such as RStudio Package Manager:
To do so, create a file located at /etc/pip.conf containing:
File: /etc/pip.conf
[global]
index-url = https://example.company.com/pypi/latest
Replace https://example.company.com/pypi/latest with the URL for your PyPI mirror,
available in Package Manager on the "Setup" page of your PyPI repository.
(Optional) Install additional Python packages
This section is not recommended for RStudio Connect
For RStudio Connect installations, we do not recommend installing Python packages into the system Python installation.
You can install additional Python packages into your Python environment by
running a command such as:
Terminal
$ sudo /opt/python/"${PYTHON_VERSION}"/bin/pip install altair beautifulsoup4 cloudpickle \
cython dask gensim keras matplotlib nltk numpy pandas pillow pyarrow \
requests scipy scikit-image scikit-learn scrapy seaborn spacy sqlalchemy \
statsmodels tensorflow xgboost
(Optional) Add Python to the system PATH
Info
You can configure Python on the system PATH so that users can use pip
within a terminal to install packages to their home directory, similar to
how R works with install.packages().
The recommended method to add Python to the PATH is to append the version of
Python that you installed to the system-wide PATH variable. For example, this
can be defined in a script within the /etc/profile.d/ directory:
File: /etc/profile.d/python.sh
PATH=/opt/python/"${PYTHON_VERSION}"/bin:$PATH
(Optional) Make Python available as a Jupyter Kernel
On RStudio Workbench you can make the version of Python installed available
for use in Jupyter by running these commands:
Terminal
sudo /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/pip install ipykernel
sudo /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/python -m ipykernel install --name py${PYTHON_VERSION} --display-name "Python ${PYTHON_VERSION}"
(Optional) Install multiple versions of Python
If you want to install multiple versions of Python on the same server, you can
repeat the installation steps using a different value for PYTHON_VERSION. You
do not need to reinstall the conda utility which is a pre-requisite.
For example, you can run the following commands to install Python 2.7.16:
Terminal:
export PYTHON_VERSION="2.7.16"
sudo /opt/python/miniconda/bin/conda create --quiet --yes \
--prefix /opt/python/"${PYTHON_VERSION}" \
--channel conda-forge \
python="${PYTHON_VERSION}"